Wing Character | Male | Female | ||
Adult | Immature | Immature | Adult | |
Scapulars | Vermiculated or barred or both | Barred | ||
Tertials | Long, acutely pointed; silver- gray; without edging tips not frayed or faded | Small; brownish; bluntly pointed; usually frayed and faded near tips; often pale-tipped | Shorter; bluntly pointed; gray- brown with cream-colored tips which are not frayed or faded | |
After molt: Similar to adult male | After molt: Similar to adult female | |||
Greater, middle, and lesser secondary coverts | Cinnamon color present on half the wing; black on three or more rows (if covert bases are considered) | Cinnamon color in one or more rows; some black in three rows; brown coverts narrowly edged with dirty white and with fine central (often arc- shaped) markings | Cinnamon color absent or on covert edges only; black usually on two rows only; brown coverts well edged with dirty white and with coarse central markings | Cinnamon color usually present; black in two or more rows; brown coverts usually well edged and with coarse internal variable markings |
Greater tertial coverts | Bluntly pointed; outer webs black; inner webs gray, rarely with traces of white tipping; not frayed or faded | Somewhat pointed; outer webs black; inner webs brown; often frayed and faded at tips | Broadly rounded; usually with white tipping; outer webs black or brown; inner webs brown; not frayed or faded | |
After molt: Similar to adult male | After molt: Similar to adult female | |||
Marginal coverts | Usually with arc-shaped vermiculation | Often arc-shaped vermiculations; otherwise without brown pattern | Brown without pattern | Brown without pattern |
Post humerals | Broad, rounded, tips without edging | Narrow; pointed; tips without edging | Broad rounded tips, usually light edging | |
Notch-length | 95% > 262 mm. | 90% > 255 mm. | 90% < 255 mm. | 92% < 262 mm. |